對於Android 單元測試來說, 若滿足以下測試條件, 可選用 ActivityUnitTestCase 來測試
(1) 針對單一Activity 測試, 不涉及其他Activity交互作用.
如startActivityForResult 的返回結果做測試.
(2) 對UI進行自動化測試
(祖父類別 InstrumentationTestCase 參考資料: Android InstrumentationTestCase)
ActivityUnitTestCase 運用範例
一個Activity中含有一個EditText, TextView, Button
EditText : 使用者輸入框
TextView : 呈現使用者輸入框的內容
Button : 點擊Button , 將EditText的內容呈現在TextView
Step 1: 建立測試檔 MainActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTest
使用 Ctrl + Shift + T 建立測試檔, 並選擇 subclass 為 ActivityUnitTest
位置儲存於 /src/androidTest/java/ package_path /
Step 2: 初始化
建立測試元件
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| private Intent mStartIntent;
MainActivity mMainActivity;
private Button mTestButton;
private EditText mEditText;
private TextView mTextView;
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建立Constructor
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| public MainActivityTest() {
super(MainActivity.class);
}
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當每項測試前, 都會將測試元件初始化
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| @Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
mStartIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
mMainActivity = startActivity(mStartIntent, null, null);
assertNotNull(mMainActivity);
mTestButton = (Button) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.test_bt);
assertNotNull(mTestButton);
mEditText = (EditText) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.enter);
assertNotNull(mEditText);
mTextView = (TextView) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.show_text);
assertNotNull(mTextView);
}
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Step 3: 測試預設值
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| @UiThreadTest
public void testInitialization() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("", sourceText);
assertEquals("Enter..", targetText);
}
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由於在 res/layout/activity_main.xml 中 EditText 和 TextView 的初始設定為
activity_main.xml1
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| <EditText
android:id="@+id/enter"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/show_text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/enter"
android:text="Enter..."
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"/>
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所以測試項 assertEquals(“Enter..”, targetText); 會無法通過測試 (少了一個點號)
錯誤訊息如下
Step 4: 測試未點擊 Test Button 的情況
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| @UiThreadTest
public void testNotChanged() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
mEditText.setText("Not Click Test Button");
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("Not Click Test Button", sourceText);
assertEquals(sourceText, targetText);
}
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雖然EditText內容以被更改, 但還未點擊 Test Button 時, TextView 的內容不會被更改, 所以測試項目 assertEquals(sourceText, targetText) 會無法通過測試.
錯誤訊息如下
Step 5: 測試點擊 Test Button 的情況
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| @UiThreadTest
public void testShowText() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
mEditText.setText("Click Test Button");
mTestButton.performClick();
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("Click Test Button", sourceText);
assertEquals("Click Test Button", targetText);
assertEquals(sourceText, targetText);
}
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點擊 Test Button後, TextView 的內容會更改為EditText內容
所以此測試項為 Pass
Source Code
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| public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<MainActivity> {
private Intent mStartIntent;
MainActivity mMainActivity;
private Button mTestButton;
private EditText mEditText;
private TextView mTextView;
public MainActivityTest() {
super(MainActivity.class);
}
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
mStartIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
mMainActivity = startActivity(mStartIntent, null, null);
assertNotNull(mMainActivity);
mTestButton = (Button) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.test_bt);
assertNotNull(mTestButton);
mEditText = (EditText) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.enter);
assertNotNull(mEditText);
mTextView = (TextView) mMainActivity.findViewById(R.id.show_text);
assertNotNull(mTextView);
}
@UiThreadTest
public void testInitialization() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("", sourceText);
assertEquals("Enter..", targetText);
}
@UiThreadTest
public void testNotChanged() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
mEditText.setText("Not Click Test Button");
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("Not Click Test Button", sourceText);
assertEquals(sourceText, targetText);
}
@UiThreadTest
public void testShowText() {
String sourceText = null;
String targetText = null;
mEditText.setText("Click Test Button");
mTestButton.performClick();
sourceText = mEditText.getText().toString();
targetText = mTextView.getText().toString();
assertEquals("Click Test Button", sourceText);
assertEquals("Click Test Button", targetText);
assertEquals(sourceText, targetText);
}
}
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ps: @UiThreadTest 的順序會根據命名來決定順序
(請參考 Android SingleLaunchActivityTestCase - Step 6)